For parents, there is nothing more heartbreaking than the thought of suicide touching their lives.  After this final act, many families are left wondering "how could I have prevented this?  What signs did I miss?"

Though no guarantee of preventing a tragedy, knowing the risk factors, being observant of changes in your child and early mental health intervention may make all the difference.

Risk factors for suicide include the following:

• Previous suicide attempt

• Psychological and mental disorders, especially depression and other mood disorders, schizophrenia, and social anxiety

• Substance abuse and/or alcohol disorders

• History of abuse or mistreatment

• Family history of suicide

• Feelings of hopelessness

• Physical illness

• Impulsive or aggressive tendencies

• Financial, social or relationship loss

• Isolation or lack of social support

• Relentless bullying or social ostracization

• Easy access to methods/means of suicide

• Exposure to others who have committed suicide

Warning signs include the following:

• Suicidal threats in the form of direct and indirect statements

• Suicide notes and plans

• Prior suicidal behavior

• Making final arrangements (e.g., making funeral arrangements, writing a will, giving away prized possessions)

• Preoccupation with death

• Changes in behavior, appearance, thoughts and/or feelings

But how can parents and other caregivers help?  The first step is to get involved.  Talk to your child.   Encourage an open dialogue with them without fear, guilt or embarrassment.  Speak to your pediatrician as well, who can offer mental health services specifically designed to meet the needs of an at-risk patient.  Most of all, do NOT ignore it or hope the problem will go away.  

Ensure your child has a positive environment in which to thrive by instilling the following support:

• Psychological and clinical care for physical, mental, and substance abuse disorders

• Restricted or limited access to methods/means of suicide

• Family and community support

• Support from medical and health care personnel

• Developing problem-solving and conflict-resolution skills

• Religious and cultural belief systems that discourage suicide